Everything about Myrosinase totally explained
Myrosinase (or thioglucoside glucohydrolase) is a family of
enzymes involved in
plant defense against herbivores. Their structure has been elucidated and is available.
Myrosinase activity
Myrosinase is regarded as a defense-related enzyme and is capable of hydrolyzing
glucosinolates into various compounds, some of which are toxic.
In the presence of
water, myrosinase cleaves off the glucose group from a glucosinolate. The remaining molecule then quickly converts to a
thiocyanate, an
isothiocyanate or a
nitrile; these are the active substances that serve as defense for the plant.
The glucosinolate-myrosinase defensive system is packaged in the plant in a unique manner. The degradative myrosinase enzymes, which catalyze the
hydrolysis of glucosinolate molecules, are largely stored within myrosin grains in
myrosin cells, but have also been reported in protein bodies/
vacuoles, and as cytosolic enzymes which tend to bind to membranes (Luthy and Matile 1984). When the mechanism isolating the two compounds breaks down, such as by the destruction of plant matter by an herbivore, the myrosinase hydrolization of available glucosinolate substrate occurs.
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